18^th Global Summit on Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology September 17-18, 2018 Singapore

Hyun-Suk Oh has her expertise in agrichemical. She is working for risk assessment of hazardous chemicals in Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. She major research field is development of endocrine disrupting chemicals screening methods using cell culture system. Furthermore, she is interested relationship between endocrine disrupting chemicals and hormonal disease by low level exposure in human, animal and in vitro model system.

It is expected that consumption of veterinary drugs will increase due to growing agriculture and aquaculture production which have to meet the demands of expanding human population for food. However, the presence of several veterinary drugs residues in food-producing animals could cause potential endocrine disrupting effects on human. Therefore, Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has provided a standardized method to search the effect of chemicals on the endocrine system. The aim of this study is to assess the androgen receptor (AR) agonistic/antagonistic effects on 22 veterinary drugs, which are used as anthelminthic for livestock by OECD in vitro stably transfected transcriptional activation assays using chines hamster ovary cell line, AR-EcoScreenTM(OECD TG458). Among the tested chemicals, three veterinary drugs were determined to AR agonist(Albendazole, Mebendazole amine, Thiabendazole) and antagonist(Cymiazol, Praziquantel, Triclabendazol) by OECD TG458. These data provide information about AR agonistic/antagonistic effects of veterinary drugs by OECD in vitro assays. Although these results may not correlate directly with risks to humans, it would be offer the basal scientific information about food, drug and cosmetic ingredients with safety management. This research was supported by grant (17161MFDS115) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Korea.

Dr. rer. nat. Richard Gminski, is a senior scientist at the Institute of Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany. He holds a degree in pharmacy and was rewarded a doctorate in natural sciences by the University of Heidelberg, Germany. He was scientific assistant in various university departments and medical centers in Heidelberg, Mannheim, Trier, Giessen and Berlin. His current research interests are environmental toxicology and particle toxicology, i.e. molecular mechanisms of fine and ultrafine particles (nanoparticles) with respect to mutagenicity and DNA damage in humans. Further interests are nutrition, forensic medicine and urban global health. He develops new high-throughput assays for rapid screening of biological activity or toxicity of environmental toxins and chemical compounds. He has broad experience in mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of environmental chemicals and has published many papers on these topics.

Despite international efforts to limit worker exposure, coal mine dusts continue to impact the health of thousands of miners across Europe. Modern, practicable assessment tools and devices are urgently needed to protect workers, particularly from the fine fraction (PM2.5), which is increasingly implicated in human disease. To predict dust toxicity of different coal mine dusts and mining scenarios, a set of toxicological assays are necessary to identify a successful improvement of risk management targeting mitigation measures. Various studies indicate that the surface area and the potential to form reactive oxidants are highly promising metrics to predict the toxic potency of fine and ultrafine dusts. In the frame of the European ROCD project, two lignite coal mine dusts with different fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) obtained from an active lignite mine in Eastern Europe were investigated for their cytotoxic, oxidant generating capacity and inflammatory potential in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Furthermore, to relate the observed effects to the hydroxyl-radical (OH•)-generating activities of these samples. The approach is based on the aligned electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) technique with 5.5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as spin trap and hydrogen peroxide as substrate, and is specifically sensitive to Fenton-type reaction mediated generation of hydroxyl radicals. The results show that the two lignite coal mine dust samples investigated induce cytotoxic effects, produce ROS and release cytokine IL-8 in a concentration-dependent manner, with a similar potency to the two reference substances quartz and coal fly ash (CFA). Moreover, the toxic effects of the two coal mine dusts observed in human lung cells A549 appear to correlate with the hydroxyl-radical-generating capacities of both coal mine dust samples. The two studied coal mine samples and two reference substances with known constituents reveal the intrinsic hydroxyl-radical-generation method to be a sensitive tool for prediction of adverse health effects.

Soledad Chamorro has expertise in toxicology evaluation (lethal, sublethal, chronic and metabolic) trough bioindicators and biomarkers as algae, microcrustacean and fish. The line of expertise are the aquatic quality and environment health. In addition the evaluation of biologicals treatment (conventional and not conventional applied to industries), moreover the assess of microcontaminants in aquatic and soil matrix

Acetaminophen, ibuprofen and furosemide effect are inside of 140 pharmaceutical products detected in water resources. The main route of entry to aquatic environments of these compounds is from municipal wastewater to concentrations under 3 g/L. Recalcitrance to biodegradation in wastewater treatment plant and their chemical properties (solubility, coefficient octanol-water) favored the presence and potential toxicological effect on organisms of aquatic environments. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assessment of theses pharmaceutical products on freshwater organism Daphnia magna and Selenastrum capricornutum, as well as marine organisms such us Artemia salina and Arbacia spatuliera. The methodology was based on acute/chronic bioassays on D. magna (24-48 h-LC50, reproductive effects), S. capricornutum (72 h-LC50), A. salina (48 h-LC50) and A. spatuligera (reproductive effects). Pharmaceutical concentrations were tested in values from 1.0 to 260.0 mg/L for acetaminophen and ibuprofen, while concentrations from 1.0 to 64.0 mg/L for furosemide. Results demonstrate the acute toxicity from acetaminophen reached values between 0.26 mg/L for S. capricornutum and 21.40 mg/L D. magna. Furosemide showed acute toxicity of 37.01 mg/L for A. salina and 62.31mg/L for D. magna. Finally, ibuprofen reached acute toxicity values under 0.01mg/L and 78.11mg/L for S. capricornutum and D. magna respectively. Chronic effects related with reproduction on D. magna showed values of media effective concentration (CE50) of 15mg/L for furosemide and 5 mg/L for Ibuprofen. Therefore, toxicity effects on aquatic organisms of these pharmaceutical products depend on tropic level evaluated, being primary producers (S. capricornutum) more sensible than primary consumers (D. magna). Marine organisms (A. salina) are more resistant than freshwater organism (D. magna). Pharmaceutical products as acetaminophen, ibuprofen evidenced more toxicity than diuretics drug. Reproductive effects on A. spatuligera evidence that ibuprofen and acetaminophen (CE50: 0.001 and 0.003 mg/L), respectively is more toxic that furosemide (CE50: 0.36mg/L).

Tholiso Ngulube is a young lady doing her PhD in Environmental Sciences at the University of Venda in South Africa. She is a member of the Water Institute of Southern Africa. She has also published articles in international peer reviewed journals and has also attended various International conferences in the Environmental Sciences field. She has been serving as a core lecturer at Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Science Systems (ACCESS) and is also a tutor and mentor at the University of Venda.

Discharging industrial colored wastewaters into aqueous environments can cause adverse effects on aquatic life due to the toxic nature of synthetic dyes. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using cryptocrystalline magnesite to remove an anionic dye (Methyl Orange - MO) from aqueous systems. To achieve that, several operational factors like residence time, adsorbent dosage, species concentration and temperature were appraised. The batch study proved that cryptocrystalline magnesite is effective in the treatment of MO contaminated water and moreover it performed well in terms of color removal. The removal efficiency of cryptocrystalline magnesite was found to be 85.85% for 30 mg/L of MO solution. Four different kinetic models, viz., pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and elovich were used to fit the kinetics data. The adsorption kinetics process primarily followed the pseudo-second order model indicating chemisorption. The best-fitted adsorption isotherm models were found to be in the order: Temkin (0.96) > Dubinin Radush Kevich (0.88) > Langmiur (0.81) > Freundlich (0.30). In accordance with the results of this study, it can be concluded that cryptocrystalline magnesite can be used effectively for the adsorption of methyl orange in wastewater and thus can be applied to treat wastewater containing dyes.

Cristina Villamar has experience in characterization physical chemical, ecotoxicological and olfatometric procedures for evaluating wastewater of different origin. Moreover, her researches are linked to the use of these tools within the operation and performance evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP); as well as to the identification of the pollutants contained within the wastewater, which causes toxicity by means of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE technique). This research work is related to the research project titled Degradation of glyphosate and PCBs by advanced electro-oxidation methods and processes Photo Fenton (M13465-PUCE-2016), in which is collaborator researcher.

Herbicides based on glyphosate (C3H8NO5P / CAS 1071-83-6) have been used (actually close to 150 million kg/year) since 1974 on crop soils to eliminate invasive plant species. Sources water can be reached by this herbicide through runoff, leaching and direct exposure of the water receiving body by aerial application. On aquatic environmental, the glyphosate has been found at concentrations up to 4.0 µg/L. Despite the glyphosate has been designed to be lethal in plants (inhibition of the shikimato pathway), the presence of surfactants from commercial formulations and metabolites formation (e.g. aminomethylphosphonic acid or AMPA) by biodegradation could change its toxicity on organisms aquatic. The aim of this work was the ecotoxicological evaluation of freshwater and marine water polluted with glyphosate on Daphnia magna, Emerita analoga and Tisbe longicornis. The methodology used the exposition the aquatic organisms to GLIFOPAC (480 g/L of active ingredient) at concentrations between 0.5 and 4.8 g/L of active ingredient. The acute toxicity of D. magna (48 h-LC50). E. analoga (48 h-LC50) and T. longicornis (96 h-LC50) were studied. Moreover, chromatographic analysis of freshwater and marine water polluted with glyphosate was evaluated. Results demonstrated that acute toxicity reported values for D. magna, E. analoga and T. longicornis of 27.4, 806.4 and 19.4 mg/L, respectively. Chromatographic analysis described around 45 substances of the GLIFOPAC composition such as structures from the surfactants (aliphatics chain with esther/ether group), metabolites (AMPA) and other substances (glucofuranose, glucopyranoside, galactopyranose). Preliminary assessments showed differences in the glyphosate composition within the freshwater and marine water, which may influence the toxicity in each aquatic environment.

Dr. rer. nat. Richard Gminski, is a senior scientist at the Institute of Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany. He holds a degree in pharmacy and was rewarded a doctorate in natural sciences by the University of Heidelberg, Germany. He was scientific assistant in various university departments and medical centers in Heidelberg, Mannheim, Trier, Giessen and Berlin. His current research interests are environmental toxicology and particle toxicology, i.e. molecular mechanisms of fine and ultrafine particles (nanoparticles) with respect to mutagenicity and DNA damage in humans. Further interests are nutrition, forensic medicine and urban global health. He develops new high-throughput assays for rapid screening of biological activity or toxicity of environmental toxins and chemical compounds. He has broad experience in mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of environmental chemicals and has published many papers on these topics.

BACKGROUND. Laser printers release aerosols into the environment including solid, liquid and gaseous compounds. The side effects possibly caused by these aerosols are having come under scrutiny. To investigate clinical effects and gene expression profiles we conducted a controlled human exposure study with laser printer emissions in an office test room. METHODS. Eight healthy volunteers were exposed to laser printer emissions in 3-hour experiments under controlled conditions in an 80 m³ office test room over three consecutive days. Lung functions and FeNO and inflammatory blood parameters were examined before and after exposure. Microarray experiments were conducted with peripheral venous blood using a whole genome gene chip. RESULTS. Mean sub micrometer particle (SMP) concentration during printing activities in the test room reached 15379 ± 2799 P/cm³ (background: 1904 ± 540 P/cm³). Lung function and blood parameters for inflammation (ECP, hsCRP) as well as FeNO showed no differences before and after exposure. The volunteers experienced temporary symptoms, such as irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract, coughing, headache and runny nose. We screened a total of 254 differentially expressed genes, of which 37 (15 %) were down-regulated and 217 (85 %) were up-regulated. Of the 217 upregulated genes, 169 (78 %) were directly related to an individual's immune regulation or response. CONCLUSIONS. Laser printers emit SMPs particles during printing activity. The aerosols can induce irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract in the volunteers, but we cannot derive any severe acute dangerous health effects from the results of this study. The microarray study conducted here showed changes in terms of inflammation and immunological reactions in volunteers after exposure. Our results recommend that office workers should avoid laser printer emissions. Laser printers should be placed in a separate, well-ventilated room, or at least equipped with appropriate filter techniques.

Fu‐Chi Chuang is a graduate student of Institute of Educational Administration and Policy at National Chiayi University. Her study is focus on the elementary school teachers in‐service training policy. She also pays close attention to the environmental hormones that risk human health. Therefore, she decided to study whether the knowledge of environmental hormones is the factor for elementary school teachers to promote their learning motivation and attitude.

With the development of industry and technology, we enjoy the convenience of civilized products. However, we develop the civilization also brings the environmental crisis, pollutions. An environmental hormone (also called endocrine disruptor) which is a category of chemical compounds that resemble endocrine hormones and it is one of the most notable pollution categories. These compounds are able to activate the same endocrine receptors as their natural counterparts and can thus disrupt hormonal activity, which impairs our health and our ecosystem homeostasis. In order to remind people realize the potential problem and how to protect our environment from the pollutions when we are developing new products for our convenience. We believe that environmental education is the way to bring our mission into reality. Questionnaire survey was performed to analyze the cognition ability of environmental hormones of elementary teachers and further study the relationship between it and the motivational enhancement of in‐service learning on the knowledge of environmental hormones. Complete questionnaires were collected from 128 elementary teachers; and the result indicates most elementary teachers lack sufficient knowledge of environmental hormone (the passing point w as set up at 70 point). Our result also reveals the i n‐service learning motivation of elementary teacher is positively enhanced once they realized their insufficient cognitive ability of environmental hormones. We hope our stud provides the powerful reference for Ministry of Education to set up the policy of environmental education to enrich all citizens sufficient know ledge of the effects of environmental hormone on organisms, and further to enhance our correct environmental behaviors.